Table Description:
This table is available for ADQL queries and through the TAP endpoint.
Resource Description:
For a list of all services and tables belonging to this table's resource, see Information on resource 'PPAKM31 – Optical Integral Field Spectroscopy of Star-Forming Regions in M31'
This table has an associated publication. If you use data from it, it may be appropriate to reference 2017ApJ...844..155T (ADS BibTeX entry for the publication) either in addition to or instead of the service reference.
To cite the table as such, we suggest the following BibTeX entry:
@MISC{vo:ppakm31_maps, year=2020, title={{PPAKM31} – Optical Integral Field Spectroscopy of Star-Forming Regions in M31}, author={Kreckel, K. and Tomičić, N. and Sandstrom, K. and Groves, B.}, url={http://dc.zah.uni-heidelberg.de/tableinfo/ppakm31.maps}, howpublished={{VO} resource provided by the {GAVO} Data Center} }
For a quick idea of what you can do with this data, consider Kewley et al's starburst criterion (2001ApJ...556..121K), which compares [OIII]/Hb with ([SII]6716+[SII]6730)/Ha. In this example, we will investigate where in the this plane our pixels lie.
We will use pyVO, TOPCAT, and Aladin.
Since we need to do somewhat complex operations on the image pixels, we'll use pyVO to get the source images and convert them into a table of fluxes. This table will then be investigated using TOPCAT (and a bit of Aladin).
Produce a flux table: You could use Aladin for going from the images to a table for fluxes, but this is a bit of drudgery here. Instead, here is a short python script using pyVO and numpy; it uses TAP to retrieve the image metadata and then get the images themselves by plain HTTP.
It then filters out all pixels with an SNR below 5 (with a bit of handwaving, assuming what's ok in the generally weakest band will be ok in the others) puts the remaining pixels into a nice relational table. It finally sends this table to TOPCAT, so start TOPCAT before running this:
from astropy.io import fits as pyfits from astropy import table, wcs from pyvo import samp import numpy import pyvo # change the following to use other ppakm31 fields FIELD = "F3" def stringify(s): """returns s utf-8-decoded if it's bytes, s otherwise. (that's working around old astropy votable breakage) """ if isinstance(s, bytes): return s.decode("utf-8") return s def get_image_metadata(field): """returns metadata rows from the ppakm31 service for field. Access URL and schema are taken from a TOPCAT exploration of the service. """ svc = pyvo.dal.TAPService("http://dc.g-vo.org/tap") res = [] for row in svc.run_sync( "select accref, field, imagetitle, bandpassid, cube_link" " from ppakm31.maps" " where field={}".format(repr(field))): res.append({ "bandpassid": stringify(row["bandpassid"]), "accref": stringify(row["accref"]),}) return res def get_line_maps(image_meta): """returns a dict band->hdus for image_meta as returned by get_image_maps. """ res = {} for row in image_meta: if row["bandpassid"]=='[NII]6583': # we don't need that one later, so skip it continue res[row["bandpassid"]] = pyfits.open(row["accref"]) return res if __name__=="__main__": line_maps = get_line_maps(get_image_metadata(FIELD)) # Select pixels with a reasonable SNR; the errors are in extension # 1, and we use [OIII]5007, since the other lines ought to be stronger snr_cutoff = 5. snr_mask = (line_maps["[OIII]5007"][0].data > line_maps["[OIII]5007"][1].data*snr_cutoff) # The line maps all have identical WCS: use any to turn pixels to pos. # This is a somewhat tricky way to get the positions of all valid # pixels: w = wcs.WCS(header=line_maps["Halpha"][0].header, naxis=2) ras, decs = w.wcs_pix2world( snr_mask.nonzero()[1], snr_mask.nonzero()[0], 1) # Create table with ra & dec positions and our flux measurements. t = table.Table([ ras, decs, line_maps["[OIII]5007"][0].data[snr_mask], line_maps["Hbeta"][0].data[snr_mask], line_maps["Halpha"][0].data[snr_mask], line_maps["[SII]6716"][0].data[snr_mask], line_maps["[SII]6730"][0].data[snr_mask]], names=('ra', 'dec', 'OIII_5007','Hbeta','Halpha','SII_6716','SII_6730')) # Send the table to TOPCAT via SAMP with samp.connection() as conn: samp.send_table_to(conn, t, "topcat")
You can change FIELD (or change the script so your flux table has all fields).
Make a plot of the line ratios: To visualise where the data likes with respect to the Kewley+2001 criterion, once you have the table in TOPCAT, configure the plot rougly likes this:
The result would be something like this (see below for the black squares):
Sanity check: To see how the various points on your plot look in reality, start Aladin and tell it to either some common survey or PPAKM31 images themselves; you can find the latter in the discovery tree left in Aladin's window.
Then, configure TOPCAT can make Aladin follow its focus by clicking Views → Activation Action and then checking “Send Sky Coordinates”. See if you can correlate the position in the plot with the visual (or infrared, or whatever) appearance.
Compare to known clusters: To see what known star clusters fare in our plot, get a catalogue of them. In TOPCAT, use VO → Cone Search, and in keywords, enter something like “M31 cluster”; to find what we've plotted above, J/ApJ/827/33, you'll have to check “description” in the match fields before sending off the query (they don't mention M31 in their title or subject); but, really, other catalogues of clusters or H II regions should do just as well.
To quickly get a position to search for, click into your plot; this will fill out RA and Dec in the dialog, and all that's left is to enter, perhaps, 0.1 into the radius field (because that's about the FoV of our images) and fire off the request.
Whatever catalogue you used, the entries will probably not have the fluxes we need to put them into our flux ratio plot. So: let's just add them from our data by a positional crossmatch. To do that, in TOPCAT's main window say Joins → Pair Match. Our pixel size is about 1 arcsec, so the default match radius is ok. Select our fluxes as table 1 and the cluster catalogue as table 2, hit “Go”, and then return to the flux plot.
In there, do Layers → Add position control. Configure this to plot the match table, and again the flux expressions from above. If you then tell TOPCAT to plot the points as large black squares, you will have reproduced (more or less) the plot above.
Sorted by DB column index. [Sort alphabetically]
Name | Table Head | Description | Unit | UCD |
---|---|---|---|---|
accref | Product key | Access key for the data | N/A | meta.ref.url |
owner | Owner | Owner of the data | N/A | N/A |
embargo | Embargo ends | Date the data will become/became public | yr | N/A |
mime | Type | MIME type of the file served | N/A | meta.code.mime |
accsize | File size | Size of the data in bytes | byte | VOX:Image_FileSize |
centerAlpha | Ctr. RA | Approximate center of image, RA | deg | pos.eq.ra |
centerDelta | Ctr. Dec | Approximate center of image, Dec | deg | pos.eq.dec |
imageTitle | Title | Synthetic name of the image | N/A | meta.title |
instId | Instrument | Identifier of the originating instrument | N/A | meta.id;instr |
dateObs | Obs. date | Representative date of observation. In reality, data contributing to this observation has typically been obtained over about a month. | d | time;obs.exposure |
nAxes | #axes | Number of axes in data | N/A | pos.wcs.naxes |
pixelSize | Axes Lengths | Number of pixels along each of the axes | pixel | pos.wcs.naxis |
pixelScale | Scales | The pixel scale on each image axis | deg/pixel | pos.wcs.scale |
refFrame | Ref. Frame | Coordinate system reference frame | N/A | pos.frame |
wcs_equinox | Equinox | Equinox of the given coordinates | yr | time.equinox |
wcs_projection | Proj. | FITS WCS projection type | N/A | pos.wcs.ctype |
wcs_refPixel | Ref. pixel | WCS reference pixel | pixel | pos.wcs.crpix |
wcs_refValues | Ref. values | World coordinates at WCS reference pixel | deg | pos.wcs.crval |
wcs_cdmatrix | CD matrix | FITS WCS CDij matrix | deg/pixel | pos.wcs.cdmatrix |
bandpassId | Bandpass | Freeform name of the bandpass used | N/A | instr.bandpass |
bandpassUnit | Bandpass unit | Unit of bandpass specifications (always m). | N/A | N/A |
bandpassRefval | Band Ref. | Characteristic quantity for the bandpass of the image | m | instr.bandpass;stat.median |
bandpassHi | Band upper | Upper limit of the bandpass (in BandPass_Unit units) | m | instr.bandpass;stat.max |
bandpassLo | Band lower | Lower limit of the bandpass (in BandPass_Unit units) | m | instr.bandpass;stat.min |
pixflags | P. Flags | Flags specifying the processing done (C-original; F-resampled; Z-fluxes valid; X-not resampled; V-for display only | N/A | meta.code |
coverage | Coverage | Field covered by the image | deg | N/A |
field | Field | Internal designation of the field being observed. | N/A | N/A |
cube_id | PubDID | IVOA publisher DID of the originating cube. | N/A | meta.ref.ivoid |
cube_link | Cube | Datalink URL for the cube this line was extracted from. This can be used to access the cube using datalink. | N/A | N/A |
Columns that are parts of indices are marked like this.
The following services may use the data contained in this table:
VO nerds may sometimes need VOResource XML for this table.